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Astrophysicist, Physical Scientist, Research Scientist
In Canada, the federal government groups and organizes occupations based on a National Occupational Classification (NOC) system. This alis occupation may not reflect the entire NOC group it is part of. Data for the NOC group can apply across multiple occupations.
The NOC system is updated every 5 years to reflect changes in the labour market. Government forms and labour market data may group and refer to an occupation differently, depending on the system used.
Here is how this occupation has been classified over time.
2006 NOC
2006 NOC-S
2011 NOC
2016 NOC
2021 NOC
2023 OaSIS
Astronomers study both the visible and non-visible properties of the universe and its objects.
Theoretical astronomers use mathematics and physics to produce explanations for the observed properties of the universe and objects in it, and make predictions by solving mathematical equations or using sophisticated computer simulations. Predictions are tested through further observation.
Experimental astronomers design and build very sensitive instrumentation that can detect electromagnetic and particle radiation (such as neutrinos) at wavelengths from radio to gamma rays. Their laboratories use the same equipment and techniques as other physics-related disciplines. For example, the next generation of far-infrared detectors are based on superconductivity and require instrumentation commonly found in a low temperature physics laboratory.
Observational astronomers use different ground-based and space-borne telescopes and scientific instruments to observe visible objects in space and get data on them. Measurements of basic properties such as composition, mass, size, brightness, motion and distance are used to test hypotheses about the nature of the universe and the matter in it.
Some astronomers work at major observatories and research institutions where, in addition to their own research activities, they are plan and implement new instruments and techniques. They also help other astronomers operate their institution’s instruments. In addition to academic research skills, astronomers in this area need to be experts in using observatory and instrument engineering and computer techniques.
All areas of modern astronomy are highly technical, using state-of-the-art telescopes and detectors, and computers for instrument control, data gathering and processing and analysis.
Most astronomers connected with universities have teaching responsibilities and are expected to produce original research work for publication in scientific journals.
Astronomers work in a variety of settings. Observational work may require unconventional hours and a considerable amount of travelling. Sometimes astronomers work at observation locations at high altitudes in remote areas where weather conditions can be extreme.
In Alberta, this occupation is part of 1 or more 2006 National Occupational Classification (NOC) groups. If there are multiple related NOC groups, select a NOC heading to learn about each one.
Interest in synthesizing information to design observational surveys and to conduct detailed analyses, observational studies and theoretical research
Interest in precision working to develop, or participate in the development of, instruments and software for astronomical observation and analyses
Interest in supervising technologists and technicians; and in preparing scientific papers and reports
To identify or change your interest codes, complete the Interests Exercise in CAREERinsite.
The interest code helps you figure out if you’d like to work in a particular occupation.
It’s based on the Canadian Work Preference Inventory (CWPI), which measures 5 occupational interests: Directive, Innovative, Methodical, Objective, and Social.
Each set of 3 interest codes for this NOC group is listed in order of importance.
A code in capital letters means it’s a strong fit for the occupation.
A code in all lowercase letters means the fit is weaker.
To fill in or change the values for your abilities, complete the Abilities Exercise in CAREERinsite.
A Quick Guide
You are born with abilities that help you process certain types of information and turn it into action. These abilities influence which skills you can learn more easily.
The abilities or aptitudes shown for this NOC group come from the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB). The GATB measures 9 aptitudes. It groups them into 3 categories: mental, visual, and physical.
The abilities scores range from 1 to 5, with 5 being stronger.
Astronomers need:
They should enjoy:
In Alberta, this occupation is part of 1 or more 2016 National Occupational Classification (NOC) groups. If there are multiple related NOC groups, select a NOC heading to learn about each one.
This chart shows which job skills are currently in highest demand for this occupational group. It was created using this occupation's 14 most recent Alberta job postings, collected between Nov 02, 2021 and Jul 16, 2025.
Review these skills to learn:
| Construction Specialization: Excellent written communication | 10 |
|---|---|
| Construction Specialization: Excellent oral communication | 10 |
| Tasks: Participate as a member of a research or development team in the design and development of experimental, industrial or medical equipment, instrumentation and procedures | 10 |
| Construction Specialization: Team player | 9 |
| Construction Specialization: Accurate | 9 |
| Art or Fashion Design Experience: Medical and health physics | 8 |
| Work Setting: Hospital/medical facility or clinic | 8 |
| Tasks: Carry out analysis of research data and prepare research reports | 7 |
| Experience: Experience an asset | 6 |
| Attention to detail | 3 |
A 4-year bachelor of science (B.Sc.) degree in astronomy, astrophysics or physics is the minimum qualification to work in technical positions in observatories, planetaria and science centres. Knowledge of chemistry and biology can be helpful in many areas of modern astronomy.
A master of science (M.Sc.) degree is required for most research assistant positions. A doctoral (PhD) degree is needed for university teaching and most federal government research positions. Most astronomers who have doctoral degrees work as post-doctoral fellows before finding permanent employment.
The following schools offer programs and courses that meet this occupation’s educational requirements. Other eligible programs and courses may be available.
The following schools offer programs or courses that are related to this occupation but are not required to enter the field.
To expand or narrow your program options, visit Post-Secondary Programs and start your search with:
Completing a program does not guarantee entrance into an occupation. Before enrolling in an education program, prospective students should look into various sources for education options and employment possibilities. For example, contact associations and employers in this field.
There is currently no provincial legislation regulating this occupation in Alberta.
Source: 2021-2025 Alberta Regional Occupational Demand Outlook
Astronomers may work in:
Industries employing astronomers include aerospace, communications, computer and other high-tech fields.
Like many disciplines, competition is keen for faculty positions. However, opportunities exist for 2- to 3-year post-doctoral positions at universities and research institutions around the world.
Note: University professors are classified in a different occupational group.
This section shows the industries where the majority of people in this occupation work. The data is based on the 2016 Census.
In Alberta, this occupation is part of 1 or more 2016 National Occupational Classification (NOC) groups.
Physicists and astronomers
2016 NOC: 2111
77.9% of people in this occupational group work in:
NOC groups often include several related occupations. Although there is labour market data for the larger NOC group, this occupation makes up only a part of that group. It means data for this occupation may be different than the data shown. For examples, see Note.
This section shows the short-term demand forecasted for this occupation in Alberta over a 3-year period. It also shows the number of people employed in the occupation.
In Alberta, this occupation is part of 1 or more 2021 National Occupational Classification (NOC) groups.
Source: 2024-2026 Alberta Short-Term Employment Forecast
NOC groups often include several related occupations. Although there is labour market data for the larger NOC group, this occupation makes up only a part of that group. It means data for this occupation may be different than the data shown. For examples, see Note.
To see data for all occupations, visit Occupations in Demand.
This section shows the employment outlook for this occupation in Alberta over a 5-year period.
Employment outlook is influenced by a wide variety of factors including:
In Alberta, this occupation is part of 1 or more 2016 National Occupational Classification (NOC) groups.
Source: 2021-2025 Alberta Regional Occupational Demand Outlook
Annual growth is from 2021 to 2025. New positions created each year are in addition to job openings created by employment turnover.
NOC groups often include several related occupations. Although there is labour market data for the larger NOC group, this occupation makes up only a part of that group. It means data for this occupation may be different than the data shown. For examples, see Note.
Employment turnover is expected to increase as members of the baby boom generation retire over the next few years.
Salaries vary widely depending on the requirements of the position and the qualifications of the individual.
If working in a university setting, the starting salary for assistant professors range between $75,000 and $100,000. Senior full professors can earn more than $160,000 a year (2011 estimate).
In Alberta, this occupation is part of 1 or more 2021 National Occupational Classification (NOC) groups. If there are multiple related NOC groups, select a NOC heading to learn about each one.
Unless otherwise noted, the data shown here is for all industries and all regions in Alberta.
All wage estimates are hourly except where otherwise indicated. Wages and salaries do not include overtime hours, tips, benefits, profit shares, bonuses (unrelated to production), and other forms of compensation.
To see the full survey data for this NOC group, visit the wage profile.
Other wage sources
To make an informed wage and salary decision, research other wage sources [pdf] to supplement this data.
Good Reliability, represents a CV of between 6.01% and 15.00% and/or fewer than 30 survey observations and/or if survey observations represent less than 50% of all estimated employment for the occupation.
| Wages* | Low (5th percentile) | High (95th percentile) | Average | Median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starting | $39.45 | $78.34 | $55.87 | $58.87 |
| Overall | $39.45 | $92.15 | $64.44 | $67.30 |
| Top | $54.84 | $104.83 | $77.01 | $79.54 |
Swipe left and right to view all data. Scroll left and right to view all data.
* All wage estimates are hourly except where otherwise indicated. Wages and salaries do not include overtime hours, tips, benefits, profit shares, bonuses (unrelated to production) and other forms of compensation.
Pay brackets for hourly wages
| ALL INDUSTRIES | $126,767 |
|---|---|
| Health Care & Social Assistance | $132,165 |
| Public Administration | $106,509 |
Canadian Astronomical Society website: casca.ca
Canadian Space Agency website: www.asc-csa.gc.ca
National Research Council (NRC) Canada, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre website: nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/research-collaboration/research-centres/herzberg-astronomy-astrophysics-research-centre
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada website: www.rasc.ca
Get information and referrals about career, education, and employment options from Alberta Supports.
Updated Mar 31, 2021. The information contained in this profile is current as of the dates shown. Salary, employment outlook, and educational program information may change without notice. It is advised that you confirm this information before making any career decisions.
