Astronomers study both the visible and non-visible properties of the universe and its objects.
Theoretical astronomers use mathematics and physics to produce explanations for the observed properties of the universe and objects in it, and make predictions by solving mathematical equations or using sophisticated computer simulations. Predictions are tested through further observation.
Experimental astronomers design and build very sensitive instrumentation that can detect electromagnetic and particle radiation (such as neutrinos) at wavelengths from radio to gamma rays. Their laboratories use the same equipment and techniques as other physics-related disciplines. For example, the next generation of far-infrared detectors are based on superconductivity and require instrumentation commonly found in a low temperature physics laboratory.
Observational astronomers use different ground-based and space-borne telescopes and scientific instruments to observe visible objects in space and get data on them. Measurements of basic properties such as composition, mass, size, brightness, motion and distance are used to test hypotheses about the nature of the universe and the matter in it.
Some astronomers work at major observatories and research institutions where, in addition to their own research activities, they are plan and implement new instruments and techniques. They also help other astronomers operate their institution’s instruments. In addition to academic research skills, astronomers in this area need to be experts in using observatory and instrument engineering and computer techniques.
All areas of modern astronomy are highly technical, using state-of-the-art telescopes and detectors, and computers for instrument control, data gathering and processing and analysis.
Most astronomers connected with universities have teaching responsibilities and are expected to produce original research work for publication in scientific journals.
